Prof. MVDr. Imrich Maraček, DrSc. - Head of department
Prof. Jozef VARADY, DVM, DrSc. - The Head of section
Ass. Prof. Juraj HALAGAN, DVM, PhD.
Ass. Prof. Marie MOLNAROVA, Ing. PhD.
Ass. Prof. Bernadetta PASTOROVA, RNDr, PhD - researcher
Ass. Prof. Angela STANIKOVA, RNDr, PhD
Drahomira SOPKOVA, DVM - lecturer
Zuzana MAKOVA, DVM - postgraduate student
Mária Kozáčková, Ing.
Jana Jankurová
Eva Martoníková

EDUCATION ACTIVITY

Pregraduate Programme in Slovak Language

Name of the course: Physiology
Position of the course in curriculum: 2^nd, 3^rd and 4^th Semester
Extension of the course in programme:

Pregraduate Programme in English Language (GVM)

Name of the course: Physiology
Position of the course in curriculum: 2^nd, 3^rd and 4^th Semester
Extension of the course in programme:

Name of the course: Physiology
Position of the course in curriculum: 5^th, and 6^th Semester
Extension of the course in programme: 39 h. lectures and 78 h. practical classes
Objectives: Students full-filled the programm in Physiology should know and understand:

basic physiological concepts of the discipline of physiology
basic terminology of physiology
the principles and processes of the living functions of different cells organized in organs tissues and systems
the mechanisms by which the organ systems are controlled, regulated and coordinated in the animal body
the values and ranges of physiological variables need to distiguish normal function in healthy animal
how to plane, organize, conduct and document experiment on living organism or systems
how to analyse and interprate data from experiments and to validate them

List of lectures:
• Introduction to animal physiology science.
• Cell functions in relation to the cell structure.
• Body composition and body fluid compartments.
• Function of blood. Blood composition and properties.
• Functions of red blood cells. Hemoglobin composition, functions and degradation.
• Functions of lymphocytes and platellets. Cellular and humoral defense mechanisms.
• Coagulation of blood. Blood plasma composition and functions.
• The heart. Basic features of myocard.
• The heart as pump. The cardiac output.
• Intrinsic and extrinsic regulation of the heart activity. Function of lymph.
• Functions of the respiratory system. Mechanism of breathing.
• Exchange of gases during external and internal respiration.
• Regulation of breathing and coordination of respiration with cardiovascular system and energy metabolic rate.
• Gastrointestinal physiology - secretion of saliva, mastication, deglutition, digestion in the stomach.
• Ruminant digestion, absorbtion in the gastrointestinal tract.
• Physiology of liver, function of the pancreas, digestion in the small and large intestine.
• Gastrointestinal motility - control. Avian digestion.
• Energetic and metabolic rate.
• Acido-basic balance and physiology of nutrition.
• Physiology of the kidneys. Basic processes involved in the formation of urine.
• Quantitative aspects of kidney function. Renal handling of some plasma contituents. Micturation.
• Neuro-endocrine control of kidney function. Hormone production in the kidney. Relation the kidney functions to cardiovascular, water balance and acidobase maintainance systems.
• Physiology of female reproduction. Patterns of reproduction. The oestrus cycle. Ovulation. Fertilization. Capacitation.
• Neurohormonal regulation of female reproduction. Effects of environmental stimulation reproduction.
• Reproduction in the male. Copulation. Insemination.
• Artifitial control of reproduction. Pregnancy and parturition.
• Endocrine regulation I; Introduction. Endocrine function of hypothalamus. Pituitary gland.
• Endocrine regulation II; The thyroid gland. The parathyroid gland. The pancreas. The adrenal gland. The pineal gland. Other endocrine organs and tissues.
• The mammary gland and lactation. Functional aspects of udder structure. Mammary gland growth. Lactation Milk storage and removal. Initiation of milk secretion. Factors affecting milk yield and milk composition.
• Outline of organization of nervous system. General design of the nervous system function. Functions of peripheral nervous system.
• Functions of spinal cord. Functions of medulla oblongata, pons and thalamus.
• Function of cerebellum. Functions of reticular formation. Function of basal ganglia and amygdala.
• Ascending spinal pathways. Somestatic function of cortex.
• Somestatic sensation. Visceral sensation.
• Brain regulation of motor activity. Creation and control of active movement. Selection and execution of motor programme.
• Sleep and wakefulness; Ascending reticular arousal system. General characterisation of sleep. Diffuse thalamic projection system. Comparative aspect and cosideration of sleep in large domestic animals.
• Autonomic nervous system. Neuroendocrine functions of brain.
• Physiology of the intergument. Temperature regulation and functions of the skin. Environmental physiology.
• Physiology of locomotion and exercise. Skeletal muscles. Physiology of growth, rhythmic patterns of functional activity of the organism and their regulations. Behaviour and conditioning. Ethology.

List of practical classes:
• Introductory notes; Ethical and safety consideration in animal handling and manipulation in experiments. International and local legislation on animal protect and wellfare.
• General methods of fixation and imobilization of animals. Blood sampling and handling of blood samples.
• Blood serum and blood plasma - estimation; Demonstration of hemolyse of erythrocytes.
• Colorimetric and spectrophotometric estimation of hemoglobin concentration; Packed cell volume estimation.
• Erythrocyte sedimentation rate estimation; Determination of osmotic resistence of erythrocytes; Blood smear.
• Determination of erythrocytes count by mammals, counting some hematological parameters of Er.
• Determination of leucocytes count by mammals; Thorn's - test - counting the eosinophils.
• Determination of trombocytes count by mammals; Determination of Er, Lc, and Tr count by poultry.
• Leucogram; Demonstration of phagocytar activity of neutrophils (NBT - test).
• Estimation of the blood groups ABD system.
• Estimation and determination of blood clotting time, blood coagulation, ecceleration and deacceleration, Quick's test.
• Pneumography - preparing the pneumogram by computers program; Auscultation of the lungs; Pulmonary models by Donders.
• Pulmonary volumes and capacities in resting stadium and after exercise; Determination of inspirating gase by man.
• Cardiogram - observation of cardiac revolution in frog; Stannius ligature - experiments; The influence of Ca, K, Na on the cardiac revolution.
• Preparation and excitation n. vagus by frog; Electrical irritation - extrasystols by frog; examination of peripheral circulation by frog.
• Auscultation of the heart sounds, estimation of the arterial pulse in resting phase, after exsercise; Estimation the force of blood flowing.
• Measurement of the blood pressure - direct and indirect method by rabit; Syndromy of blood pressure, heart sound and electrical events in the myocard.
• Electrocardiography ECG - demonstration and practical by dog and horse.
• Preparing and staining the saliva smear; Estimation saliva of the concentration in domestic animals; Detection of a amylase in saliva.
• The influence of temperature, acid or basic substances an the activity of a amylase in saliva; Transposition the ductus parotideus by dog.
• Obtaining the native gastric juice in vitro; proteolytic digestion - estimation digestion by stomach juice; Milk coagulation by gastric juice in vitro.
• Observation the process of feeding and drinking by domestic animals; Observation the food location in stomach; The rumen protozoa activity - microscopic estimation.
• Mastication, deglutation and rumination by ruminants; Estimation the rumen movements.
• Proteolytic, lipolytic and glycolytic digestion by pancreatic juice; Obtaining the native pancreatic juice.
• Physiology of bile; The influence of bile to the surface tension, emulgation of fat by digestion; Resorption of ether from large intestine by rabit.
• Estimation of basal metabolism in human and animals - indirect and direct method.
• Sensual and physical examination of urine; Chemical examination in vivo - proteins, sugar, blood; Detection the amylases in urine.
• Estimation qualitative and quantitative of the urine sediment; Estimation of kidney functions.
• Sensual and physical examination of colostrum and milk; Milk smear - staining and microscopic examination; Milk let-down reflex - experiment.
• Female physiology - crystaline test; Examination of vaginal smear by rat; Detection of oestrus phase in laboratory animals.
• Estimation of biological effects of gonadotrophine and sex hormones in laboratory and domestic animals; Uterine motility in vitro; Induction of superovulation in laboratory animals and ova handling physiology.
• Myography - observation of muscle movement by frog on computer program; Direct and indirect irritation of muscle.
• Sumation and superposition tetanus; Estimation the muscle elasticity; Postural and muscular tone reflexes by dog.
• Postsynaptic excitation, inhibition, presynaptic inhibition - computer models; Demonstration of spinal reflex - neurological examination of dog and horse, analysis of the reflex arc.
• Estimation of external temperature and physical stress influence on body temperature in the horse.
• Examination of vision; Marriot test; Keratoscopy; Purkyne's pictures - examination; Papillary reflex - consensual reflex; The hearing tests.
• Estimation of tactile; pain, touch sensation in human and animals.
• Physiology of behaviour by pig, sheep, cow; Patterns of behaviour.
• Learning in the animals, demonstration of the conditional reflex in the dog.