PILIPCINEC, E., ZILKA, N., KOLODZIEYSKI, L., MIKULA, I.:
Porcine proliferative enteropathy.
A review of the infectious disease -- porcine proliferative enteropathy (PPE) occurring in pigs is presented. Proliferation of the epithelium of ileum and colon causes a decresed feed conversion with occasional diarrhea, at the acute course bloody and subsequent weight losses. Despite the fact that the disease has been known for several decades, the etiological agent of PPE was recognized only two years ago. At present, the first steps are realized for isolation and detection of this pathogen in our territory.
Key words: pig; porcine proliferative enteropathy; PPE; Lawsonia intracellularis
The infectious situation in animals in the world and Slovak republic in 1997 is reported. More detailed data concern swine fever and zoonoses.
Key words: infectious diseases in animals; statistics in 1997
Possibilities of clinical ultrasonography of the reproductive apparatus in female dogs are referred: the methods of pregnancy determination and estimation of fetal development in female dogs, determination of the fetal age and numbers of days till parturition. Moreover, the authors have dealt with the problem of visualization of the uterus, postpartal uterus, pathology of the uterus, ovaries, ovarial neoplasia and mammary gland in female dogs.
Key words: female dog; ultrasonography; reproductive apparatus; mammary gland
The present status of gene therapy is reviewed briefly. Two of the main gene delivery methods -- transfection (chemical and physical) and transduction (via adenoviral or retroviral vectors) and limits for both are discussed. Advantages of the animal models study for pathogenesis and genealogy the numerous of hereditary diseases as well as up-to date spectrum for gene therapy are mentioned, subsequently. The treatments suitable for hereditary enzymopathies, ammeliorated cancer curative, acquired infectious diseases and the neurodegenerative diseases prevention are described at the end of the article.
Key words: hereditary diseases; gene therapy; transfection; transduction
Our contribution is a brief excursion to the history of a jackal (Canis aureus) in the Sub-Danubian region. It gives information on three registered catches in the region of Slovakia: in 1989 (district Trebišov), 1995 (district Nitra) and 1996 (district Dunajska Streda). It draws attention to some bioclimatic causes of this territorial expansion of a jackal into the Middle European and West European zoogeografic region as well as to venator, fauna and health aspects of its occurrence. Repeated migrations of a jackal to the region of Slovakia would require definition of its legislative status.
Key words: canidae; jackal (Canis aureus); species diversity of fauna
A description of the development and symptoms of the disease of the fallow deer game in menagerie of a private cooperative as a consequence of eating plastic packing materials is the subject of this paper. This phenomenon can be included, within the taxonomy of hunting animals, in non-contagious diseases of inner organs. Following from the symptoms and behaviour of animals the development of the disease can be divided into three phases.
During the first phase the only symptom of the disease is the filled up rumen and reticulum. Concerning the continual movements of the game during the game feeding the given abnormality can only hardly be visible.
During the second phase the abnormally filled forestomach is accompanied with a short-time loss of mobility. The game, when disturbed during this phase of the disease, runs away only several tens of meters and then fall down on the earth as cut down and fall into a short coma. After a short time they get up, go away but not so far as before and again fall down. During that short coma it is possible to come close to such an animal and even touch it. It would be possible to save rare specimens during these two first phases by means of a surgical intervention, taking the strange subject from the rumen out. Meat from less valued individuals could have been processed.
The last stage of the disease is much alike the previous ones. The intoxication of the entire organism has advanced so much that the sick animals are meagre. The loss of the hypodermic fat and muscles is covered up with the filled up rumen especially when the game is observed from a longer distance. The mobility in comparison with the second phase is even reduced. The animals can only walk slowly and for a short distance. When trying to run they fall down and stretch their legs and heads spasmodically. In falling off the slope they turn somersaults. The coma lasts from several minutes to several hours according to the stage of the infication of the organism. At this phase even the adult males completely loose their natural protective mechanism.
The affected animals die with spasmatically stretched legs and head. Their eyes are open and they do not close them even if you move a hand round the head of the affected animal.
Key wors: reticulum -- passage disorders; diseases of hunting animals; fallow deer (Dama dama L.)
The effect of phase nutrition of calves on the feed intake, growth intensity, health status, energy, protein and mineral metabolism as well as development of ruminal fermentation has been observed in calves within a week dynamics of weaning.
Programmed dosing of nutrients in the acidified milk drink and starter mixture ensured the optimal growth intensity 720 g.day-1 in weeks 3-5 and 710 g.day-1 in weeks 6-9. During the observed period, the nutrient consumption per 1 kg of weight gain was in average 320 g DNS and 24.5 MU ME. Reduction in the nutrient intake from milk drink, realized by gradual widening of diluting ratio at the unchanged volume of liquid, have ensured sufficient covering of proteins and energy in the starter mixture gradually in week 6 - 32% and 36%, in week 7 - 51% and 48%, in week 8 - 77% and 81%.
The values of intermediary metabolism in a relationship to nutrient intake and growth intensity have confirmed the optimal level of protein and saccaridic metabolism at milk nutrition. Observation of the metabolism of mineral substances revealed hypercalcemia and sublimit levels of phosphorus, copper, zinc and iron with a tendency to its adjustment after transfer to the green nutrition. Reduction in the nutrient intake from milk drink acidified with formic acid was performed by gradual widening of a diluting ratio in the milk mixture Laktavit with water. An increase in consumption of the starter mixture TKŠ from 0.42 kg/day in week 6 to 2.3 kg in week 9, when calves did not get milk drink and they reached the average body weight of 80 kg, was recorded proportionally with decreasing nutrient intake.
Key words: milk nutrition; calves; metabolism; weight gain
The efficacy and tolerance of the endectocide drug -- moxidectin in the preparation Cydectin inj. and tolerance of its combination with chloramphenicol as an inhibitor of microsomal enzymes were observed based upon the clinical observation, ovoscopic examination of excrements and investigation of the activity of enzymes having relationship to the drug metabolism in the liver and determination of the concentration of total bilirubin in the blood serum.
Eighteen merino sheep divided into 4 groups were used in the experiment. The group A served as a control, group B was given chloramphenicol every 24 hours during 3 days at the dose of 10 mg.kg-1, group C moxidectin at the dose of 0.2 mg.kg-1 and group D chloramphenicol with moxidectin at the same doses. Occurrence of parasites, clinical state of animals and influencing of activities of serum enzymes AST, ALT, AF, GMT and concentration of total bilirubin were observed coprologically. A good efficacy as well as tolerance have been found in moxidectin. After administration of combination of chloramphenicol and moxidectin, the enzymatic changes were statistically more significant and long-term. This inidicates that combination of these new endectocide drugs with inhibitors of microsomal enzymes cannot be recommended without further testing.
Key words: moxidectin; chloramphenicol, activity of enzymes AST, ALT, AF, GMT; sheep
An acute toxic effect of herbicide chloridazone TP (Fig. 1) on some biochemical parameters (AST, LDH, GMT and ALP) has been investigated in rats (males). Clinical sings, after administration of 800 mg.kg-1 bw (LD50), are described. The activities of hepatal enzymes significantly increased compared to the controls: AST from 1.06 ukat.l-1 to 1.61ukat.l-1, GMT from 0.019 ukat.l-1 to 0.033 ukat.l-1, and LDH from 11.405 ukat.l-1 to 17.207 ukat.l-1 (Tab. 1, Figs. 2, 3, 4). Only the activity of ALP enzyme decreased from 6.385 ukat.l-1 to 3.66 ukat.l-1 (Fig. 5). The following clinical symptoms of intoxication were observed after the administration of chloridazone: apathy, hyperventilation, dyspnoea, hypersalivation, paralysis, tonic-clonic convulsion and death in clonic convulsion.
Key words: chloridazone; rats; AST; LDH; GMT; ALP; clinical symptoms of intoxication
The fluorescence microscopy utilizes fluorochromes for detection of various structures. RYLUX BSU is a fluorochrome belonging to blancophores. It has a wide utilization at histopathological examination of both mycoses and parasitic infections due to its affinity to chitin. The other possibilities of using this blancophor in practice have been tested. The exactly defined fungus culture, paraffin sections of the organs after protozoal infection and paraffin sections of conjunctival granuloma of not exactly defined etiology, paraffin sections of poultry lungs suspected of aspergillomycosis were used.
After sample dying with RYLUX BSU, all the fungal and protozoal cells were well demonstrable at the examination by the fluorescent microscope.
In conclusion, the possibility of wide utilization of fluorescent dying as a fast, orientation method with high catching is expected.
Key words: RYLUX BSU; diagnostics; protozoal infections; mycotic infections