PISTL, J., MIKULA, I., KANTÍKOVÁ, M., KUSOVÁ, I., DUŠEK, J., PLIEŠOVSKÝ, J., VANKÚŠOVÁ, M., KOLLOVÁ, J.:
Bovine viral diarrhoea in cattle breeding - solving principles.
The most significant manifestation of infection with bovine viral diarrhoea (BVDV) is foetal intrauterine infection resulting in reproductive problems: abortions, birth of little viable or persistently infected (PI) calves. The presented manifestations as well as increased incidence of diarrhoeic states and respiratory diseases in breedings appear to be indications for breeding examination. Considering the character of persistent infection and high infectious stress (high concentration of viral agents in the environment caused by a viremic animal (PI individual continuously excreting virus into the outside environment), the analysis of BVDV infection may be performed on the basis of determination of BVDV specific antibodies in randomly selected young animals after colostral phase ("window of young animals"). This procedure was used in 8 agricultural farms of Žilina district. A high prevalence of BVDV specific antibodies in these breedings indicates to the presence of PI individuals whose detection plays a key role in solving the problem of BVDV infection in the breeding. Seronegative breedings, fully sensitive to infection, have to be protected by vaccination. At vaccination, it is necessary to keep a certain strategy regarding using vital and inactivated vaccines in a relationship to pregnant animals.. As well, the kind of breeding, infectious status of BVDV infection in breeding, productivity and other breeding aspects (anima purchase, pasture, way of housing) have to be taken into consideratio.
Key words: bovine viral diarrhoea, BVDV; persistent infection; window of young animals; vaccination
The work deals with the serious pathogens of respiratory diseases in dogs and cats. It describes pathogenesis, clinical symptoms, patho-anatomical finding, diagnostics and prevention of respiratory diseases in dogs and cats caused by pathogens such as canine parainfluenza 2 virus, canine adenovirus 2, Bordetella bronchiseptica, Mycoplasma sp., Ureoplasma sp., feline herpesvirus 1, feline calicivirus and Chlamydia psittaci var. felis.
As well, the work indicates a potential risk for people infection, the source of which may be dogs or cats with respiratory diseases.
The first part of the work is aimed, above all, at the respiratory diseases in dogs. In the second part, the respiratory diseases of cats are discussed with special regard to the mechanisms of the persistent infection at herpesviral and caliciviral infection in cats as well as the differential diagnosis of respiratory diseases in cats in a relationship to the disease pathogen.
Key words: dog; cat; canine infectious tracheobronchitis; canine parainfluenza-2 virus; canine adenovirus-2; feline calicivirus; feline herpesvirus-1; Bordetella bronchiseptica; canine respiratory disease; feline respiratory diseases
Psoroptic scab in rabbits is described as parasitosis, which may occur at negligence of preventive precautions in rabbit breedings. A survey of biology of the disease agent, clinical symptoms, patho-anatomical and patho-histological findigns, diagnostics and therapy are presented.
Key words: Psoroptes; rabbits; auricular scab
Laparoscopy belongs to the routine diagnostic and therapeutic methods used especially in small animals. Technical parameters of endoscopic optical systems have passed through a considerable qualitative development. Therefore at present, laparoscopes provide a true panoramatic picture of the observed cavity. In addition to that, they can magnify to a certain degree, what makes visualization more precise and the picture brighter. For this reason, at using the laparoscopic techniques impairment of tissues hardly occurs. Since an operator can see details of the organ surface (structures about 1.0 mm and less), he can avoid the blood sinus and so prevent the undesirable bleeding. A great advantage of laparoscopy appears to be in an immediate possibility of recording to video-systems, compact discs or photographic film. Laparoscopic techniques have become domesticated not only in human but also in veterinary medicine.
Key words: laparascopy; reproductive apparatus; bitches
The need for veterinary ethology in the study programme of veterinary medicine under our condition was pointed out. Knowledge of this study discipline grounding in veterinary students is of great importance regarding psychosocial, ethic, interdisciplinary and international significance. Veterinary ethology is a pronounced complementary factor among individual veterinary disciplines. It shifts a strictly understood linearity of veterinary medicine to a modern holistic and contextual philosophy of biological-medical events. The theoretical and applicable bases of the presented problem are elaborated within these circumstances.
Key words: ethology; veterinary medicine; study programme; philosophy of veterinary medicine
Physico-chemical parameters of raw slurry, stabilized slurry and its supernatant and sediment stored in a ground lagoon were studied under field conditions of a pig farm prior to anaerobic stabilization and biogas production. During anaerobic stabilization there was an increase in pH, content of soluble substances, total nitrogen as well as in content of nitrates and ammonia nitrogen. Storage of stabilized slurry in the ground lagoon reduced pH with a part of substances being concentrated in the lagoon sediment. The technological process of pig slurry treatment and biogas production becomes more effective with addition of poultry faeces. This system of anaerobic stabilization is therefore widely applied in municipal sewage treatment with a higher content of dry matter.
Key words: anaerobic stabilization; pig slurry; biogas physico-chemical parameters
The authors present the results of chlamydial infections (Chlamydia psittaci) of small mammals (Insectivora, Rodentia) in the region of East Slovakia. Hosts were caught in several areas of Slovakia in the habitats with different level of human disturbance. The research was realized during 1991-1997. The authors examined 757 sera coming from six insectivore and eight rodent species. The serum was examined by means of a complement fixation using the antigen Chlamydia psittaci. Chlamydial infections were registrated in 128 mammals (16.9 % of host examined) of nine species. The chlamydial antibodies were proved at levels ranging from 1:16 to 1:256. The highest prevalence of antibodies was found in most abundant rodent species - Apodemus flavicollis (18.6 %) and Clethrionomys glareolus (18.0%). Positive hosts were registrated in all the habitat type. Higher prevalence of two positive host species (Apodemus flavicollis, Clethrionomys glareolus) in lowland habitats compared with the values from submontane regions were significant. Similarly, a statistically higher prevalence of chlamydial antibodies in lowland condition in both rodent families (Muridae, Microtidae) were registered. Preliminare results showed that chlamydial infections occur equal in insectivore hosts as well as in both rodent family (Microtidae, Muridae). Our results have proved that small mammals probably play an important role in the circulation of chlamydiae in nature.
Key words: small mammals; serological examination; chlamydial antibodies
The growth of enterobacteria, isolated from feces of one-week-old piglets in the presence of the preparation Raftilose P 95 on the basis of fructooligosaccharides (FOS) was tested in vitro. Most of the tested strains was able to ferment FOS. FOSŤ utilization was variable and dependent on the species or strain of the bacteria. In the case of Salmonella enteritidis strain, E. coli and Proteus mirabilis, the growth was not caused by the presence of saccharose as a contaminant of the preparation. Contrariwise, Proteus vulgaris and Yersinia enterocolitica grew well in the presence as of FOS as glucose. The terminal pH was the lowest in all strains in the presence of glucose. At FOS, pH ranged from 6.5 - 7.5.
From the results it follows that enterobacteria can contribute to the total fermentation of FOS in the intestinal tract of pigs and by the coloniztaion of intestines with pathogensract of pigs and by the competition for nutrients to prevent from colonization of intestines with pathogens.
Key words: pigs; enterobacteria; fructoologisaccarides; in vitro utilization