PILIPČINEC, E., ŠVICKÝ, E., ŠOLTÉS, I., HUBA, F., MIKULA, I.:
Primary pathogens of respiratory diseases in dogs and cats with a view to the cat diseases.
The work deals with the serious pathogens of respiratory diseases in dogs and cats. It describes pathogenesis, clinical symptoms, patho-anatomical finding, diagnosis and prevention of respiratory diseases in dogs and cats induced by pathogens such as psi parainfluenza 2 virus, psi adenovirus 2, Bordetella bronchiseptica, Mycoplasma sp., Ureoplasma sp., feline herpesvirus 1, feline calcivirus and Chlamydia psittaci var. felis.
As well, the work indicates a potential risk for people infection, the source of which may be dogs.
The first part of the work is aimed, above all, at the respiratory diseases in dogs. In the second part, the respiratory diseases in cats are discussed with a special regard to the mechanism of the persistent infection at herpesviral and calciviral infection in cats as well as the differential diagnosis of respiratory diseases in cats in a relationship to the disease pathogen.
Key words: dog; cat; canine infectious tracheobronchitis; canine parainfluenza-2 virus; canine adenovirus-2; feline calicivirus; feline herpesvirus-1; Bordetella bronchiseptica; canine respiratory disease; feline respiratory diseases
Based upon the clinical examination of respiratory and cardiac frequency and rhythm, muscular tonus and reaction of a calf on the external excitation of the nasal mucosa and auditory canal, a very simple method for evaluation of the calf vitality 5 minutes after delivery has been worked out. Of the 8 score scale of vitality, the score of < 7 is evaluated as the physiological state or tolerable minimal hypoxia, 5 - 6 scores as a minor degree of hypoxia, 3 - 4 scores as a middle degree of hypoxia and asphyxia and > 2 as a serious ashyxia (Tab. 1). On the basis of the number of scores for vitality, an immediate resuscitation is recommended and the assistance of breathing and heart activity as well as adjustment of metabolic acidosis by administration of buffering solutions.
Key words: calves; postpartum vitality; hypoxia; asphyxia
The clinical, histological and immunohistological picture of cutaneous lymphoma in a 10-year-old bitch is discussed. Despite not quite characteristic macroscopic picture, T-lymphocytic origin of the process was confirmed immunohistochemically with its localization on the surface layers of skin, namely without recurrence and metastases in the reginal lymphatic nodes or into internal organs.
Key words: cutaneous tumors; dog; lymphoma; immunohistochemistry
Free radicals are high-reactive substances produced continuously during more metabolic processes. It has been cnfirmed that they participate, to a great extent, in physiological events such as immune response, metabolism of unsaturated fatty acids and inflammatory reaction. At their excess, however, impairment of DNA, enzymes containing thiol groups and membranes occurs. They induce changes in the activity of the immune system and in the structure of basic biopolymers, which may be related with cancerogenesis, mutagenesis and aging processes. New knowledge coming from this field of research can be used at the study of pathogenesis of many diseases and at introduction of new therapeutical and prophylactical procedures.
Key words: free radicals; antioxidants; metabolism; organism protection; antioxidative substances
In the work the influence of the artificial sound stimulation during incubation on speed of the geese hatching as well as on their mortality during that period was observed. In the experiment, the Tešedíkovská goose breed set eggs were used. They were hatched in four hatcheries. The eggs of the first two hatcheries (control groups "Ka" and "Kb") were not sound stimulated. In the other two groups (experimental groups "a" and "b"), the set eggs from the very first hour of hatching were stimulated by the "knocking" sound from an electronic sound generator. For stimulation, the sound with the amplitude of power 1250 mV and time interval 176 ms was applied.
The fastest hatching process was recorded in the groups with sound stimulation. The "a" experimental group was the fastes, the geese were hatched after 682.75 ± 4.39 hours, (table 1). In both sound stimulated experimental groups "a" and "b", the increased embryonic mortality resulted in the decrease of the percentage of hatchability, to 75.39 ± 3.73% and 82.23 ± 2.97% respectively (table 2).
Key words: sound; hatching; geese; embryonic mortality
The experiments investigating the survival of the Salmonella typhimurium strain tested in aerobic mesophilic stabilization of primary sludges from municipal wastewater treatment plant (max. temperature of stabilization 45oC) revealed that the strain tested was devitalized within 48 h. The initial pH value of sludge ranged from 5.53 to 6.6. At the end of the experiments, the pH value of the stabilized sludges ranged from 7.9 to 9.1. A statistically significant relationship was observed between the length of survival of mesophilic microorganisms and the temperature and between the viability of coliforms and the length of stabilization of the solid fraction.
Key words: aerobic mesophilic stabilization; sewage sludge; Salmonella typhimurium; indicator microorganisms
The possibilities of PCR typisation in six suspect faecal isolates Mycobacterium paratuberculosis were evaulated. By using a single pair of IS 900 primers specific for M. paratuberculosis the 400 bp product has been detected. For investigation the modified method of Whittington et al. (1998) was used.
Key words: Mycobacterium paratuberculosis; PCR; IS 900 gene; cattle
A prolonged infection of lambs (23 days) with low doses of Ascaris suum eggs (100 and 1000 eggs per day) had no effect on their body weight. A short increase in the body temperature and breath rate accompanied with cough was observed on day 6 from the beginning of infection. Leucocytosis and eosinophilia occurred only 14 days after the initial infection. The pathomorphological changes in the liver appearing as greyish - white bands on its surface indicated a similar migration of Ascaris suum larvae as that in swines. On day 19 since the last infection, the lungs of swines showed the presence of multiple nodules in the lung parenchyma, often protruding over their surface. After 14 days, however, such nodules were observed only sporadically. The results suggest that the most effective measure in prevention of verminous pneumonia is the avoidance of recurrent parasitic infection of animals.
Key words: lambs; Ascaris suum; verminous pneumonia
The method of isolation, cultivation and identification of E. coli O157:H7 are described. The solid nutrient media containign sorbitol are used for isolation of E. coli, because E. coli O157:H7 are unlike the other E. coli sorbitol-negative. The basic solid nutrient medium is Sorbitol-MacConkey agar (SMAC). To increase trapping of E. coli O157:H7, various antibiotics (novobiocin, vancomycin, sephixim, cefsulodin) are added to most of cultivation media (liquid and solid), or other antibacterial additives (biliary salts, potassium tellurite). Among the other recommended media that are modification of Sorbitol - MacConkey agar belong: SMAC-BCIG agar and SMAC - MUG agar for differentiation of ß-glucuronidase-negative colonies of E. coli O157. Of the non-cultivating method for E. coli O157:H7 trapping, the immunological methods (immunomagnetic separation and ELISA tests) and DNA amplificating methods (PCR) may be applied.
In conclusion, the authors'experiences gained at the isolation of E. coli O157:H7 from the specimens of various origin are described.
Key words: Enterohemorrhagic E. coli; EHEC; E. coli O157:H7
The treatment of air from animal housings by means of biofiltration is intended for elimination of unfavourable emissions of pollutants and odourous compounds which affect the ecosystem. The application of biofilters in agricultural practice, together with other progressive biotechnologies, requires not only increasing environmental awareness of the public but also updating the the legislative norms for protection of the atmosphere against pollutants.
Investigations were carried out to determine the physical-chemical and microbiological parameters of the biofiltration material and the waste air for the purpose of elucidation of interrelated factors important for the effectiveness of biofiltration. Our results have confirmed high effectiveness of biological treatment of the air (92 % for ammonia), low operational and maintenance demands and considerable reliability of technology provided that all basic limiting requirements were met.
Key words: biofilter; biological treatment; waste air; animal housing