PILIPČINEC, E., ŠVICKÝ, E., BUGARSKÝ, A., ŠNIRC, J., MIKULA, I.:
Respiratory diseases in horses caused by viruses I.
Respiratory diseases in horses, like in other animals, belong to the group of serious diseases, in which viruses, bacteria and fungi participate.
The horse influenza, viral rhinopneumonitis and viral arteritis belong among prevalent and economically significant viral infections of the respiratory tract of horses.
During the recent period, possibility of fast and precise diagnostics of all significant viral pathogens of respiratory diseases in horses has extended, above all, by introducing ELISA methods for detection of specific antibodies, tissue cultures for the virus isolation as well as using new techniques for detection of viral antigen in blood, secretions and tissues.
Prevention of the respiratory diseases of viral origin remains the primary method for their control in horses, because up to now known antiviral medicaments cannot be applied in these diseases.
Pathogenesis, clinical symptoms, patho-anatomical finding, diagnostics and prevention of respiratory diseases in horses induced by equine herpesviruses are described.
Key words: horses; respiratory diseases, equine herpesviruses
In the respiratory complex in pigs, three bacterial pathogens have a dominant position: Pasteurella multocida, Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae.
A very fast distribution of the Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae pathogen in our breedings discloses the significance of all-round observation, especially early diagnostics of this nosological unit in the interests of introducing fast, early and effective preventive and therapeutical precautions.
The occurrence of actinobacillary pneumonia was observed in some larger and smaller breedings. At typization and isolation of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, this was classified into three serotypes: 1, 2, 9 occurring in the observed breedings.
Disobservance of the breeding standard in the large-scale technologies, especially temperature fluctuation, high air humidity, high concentration of NH3 and CO2, environmental dustiness, excessive animal density - these all enable fast spreading of this disease by infective droplets.
Key words: pigs; Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae; serotype
The work deals with general principles of the therapy of the respiratory system infections in animals. The basic recommendations for their antimicrobial therapy as well as the most frequent causes of unsuccessful treatment are presented. The group of quinolones is described as a modern and perspective pharmacological group of drugs. Emphasis is laid on quinolones of the second and third generation - fluoroquinolones, of which the most known are enrofloxacin, danofloxacin and flumechin. Possibilities of using antibiotics, sulphonamides and symptomatically acting drugs will be presented in next parts of the work.
Key words: respiratory diseases; antimicrobics; therapy principles; quinolones; fluoroquinolones; flumechin; danofloxacin; ciprofloxacin; sparfloxacin; trovafloxacin; difloxacin; marbofloxacin
The effect of synthetic ultrasound on the hatching of the Rodailand chicken was tested. During incubation, the embryos in the control groups were not ultrasound stimulated; in the experimental groups, the embryos were stimulated by ultrasound using a transducer from the first hour of incubation; the transducer oscillated at the frequency of 30 kHz and the power of 60 W. The effect of ultrasound manifested especially in the embryos with highly developed alantochorionic blood circulation. The intensity of oxidation processes in embryos is supposed to decrease after impairment of allantoid vessels, and in most embryos the accumulated carbon dioxide resulted in the decrease of their blood pH which consequently may influence the sex differentation in the control groups in favour of males.
Key words: ultrasound; hatching; sex; chicken
The present status of genetically engineered food and corresponding health hazards are reviewed here briefly. Both the transgenic corn and potatoes resistant to herbicides or producing the methalothienes as well as health hazards are discussed. Advantages of the transgenic vaccine production and viral mediated resistance for human or plant protection as well as modification of heterologous material for a transplantation use were also analyzed critically. Health risk consequences after spreading the genetically transformed food are described at the end of the article.
Key words: gene manipulation; engineered food; health risk
Possibilities of the ethology application by using animals at the assisted therapy in people are described. Its gist follows from the tradition of a relationship man - animal. These have an evolution history from the point of existing, domesticated, biologico-ethological and psychosocial views. Human being as a kind of Homo sapiens has his/her biological background; he/she integrates and becomes a part of the natural community. Regarding this fact, an animal is interpreted as a model at the assisted therapy of some clinical, psycho-pathological and mental diagnoses in people (AAT - animal assisted therapy). The presented model can be used also at the educational process, re-social and re-educational programme as well as in the overall psycho-hygiene in man.
Key words: ethology; relationship man - animal; assisted therapy (AAT); psycho-hygiene
The biometric parameters (weight, length) of the oviduct, microscopic analysis of the endosalpinx and percentage of secretory and ciliary cells were observed. In the uterus, its weight and changes in the superficial epithelium height of the endometrium and glandular epithelium under the surface were evaluated. Evaluation of the weight and length of the oviduct within observed time intervals after parturition did not show any statistically significant values (P < 0.05). The microscopic pictures of the oviduct epithelium indicate the presence of ciliary and secretory cells. The lowest percentage of secretory cells (38.2 %) was found on day 7 after lambing. Their slight increase on day 25 (46.06 %) was kept up to the approximately same percentual representation also on day 34 (46.00 %). The percentage of ciliary cells was the highest on day 7 with their stabilization on the values of 53.94-54.00 % between days 25 and 34. At the quantitative evaluation of the height of the superficial epithelium of the endometrium and glandular epithelium under the surface, a statistically significant decrease was found, with stabilization of their structures on days 25 and 34 after parturition. Results of our observations supplement the present knowledge of evaluated parameters in the merino ewe during puerperium and they are in agreement with the previous works concerning the ovarial steroids and development of superficial follicles of ovaries in the same animals.
Key words: puerperium; ewe; oviduct; uterus; epithelium
The morphometric analysis of the microscopic structure of testes and epididymides in the rodent species Apodemus sylvaticus and Apodemus flavicollis is reported.
In Apodemus sylvaticus, seminiferous tubules are formed by 76.90 % of epithelium, 8.31 % of stroma and 14.79 % of lumen. The tubular diameter is 142.50 µm. In the epididymis surface, the epithelium is represented by 54.30 %, stroma 13.15 % and lumen 32.55 %. A diameter of the epididymal duct is 125.93 µm and the epithelium height is 19.07 µm.
A similar structure is reported in Apodemus flavicollis, where the epithelium formed 67.55 %, stroma 7.76 % and lumen 24.69 % of the testicular seminiferous tubule. The tubular diameter is 140.20 µm. In the epididymis, the 19,07 µm high epithelium forms 46,29 %, stroma 14.77 % and lumen 38.94 %. The epididymal tubular diameter is 151.82 µm. Comparison of both species has revealed that their histological structure is very similar and no significant differences were found.
Key words: testis; epididymis; morphometry; Apodemus sylvaticus; Apodemus flavicollis