KOSUTZKY, J., BREYL, I.:
Growth promoting hormones in animals prohibited both in the European union and in Slovak Republic.
The arguments with regard to the usage of growth promoting hormones in fattening cattle, presented by the USA, are described. The growth promoting hormones permitted in the USA, their application, hormone residue control and documentation are introduced, on the basis of which the organization responsible for food safety (FDA) permitted their usage as safe for cattle and a consumer. The problem of a ban of beef import into Europe is understood by the USA as a trade barrier without sufficient scientific evidence of health risks. The arguments of the EU experts and risks for consumers, resulting from the growth promoting hormone usage, mainly in prepubertal children, are further described.
The risks are being increased due to the incorrect usage and insufficient control of residues of hormonal substances in the USA.
The legislation valid in Slovak Republic on the basis of which, similarly as in EU countries, the usage of growth promoting hormones is prohibited, control rules at the import of beef into the European Union, measures and procedures aimed at the identification of not-permitted substance residues, survey of hormonal substances analysed in Slovak Republic as well as control system and workplaces analyzing residues, are presented.
Key words: hormones; growth stimulation; cattle; sheep; legislation in USA, EU, SR
Respiratory diseases in horses, like in other animals, belong to the group of serious diseases, in which viruses, bacteria and fungi participate.
Pneumopathies of viral origin were described in our previous works (Pilipčinec et al., 1999 a, b).
Infections of the respiratory tract in horses are caused primarily by Streptococcus equi subsp. equi, Rhodococcus equi and Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus. As well, secondary bacterial bronchopneumonia and pleuropneumonia are significant.
At pneumomycosis in horses, infections induced by Histoplasma capsulatum, Coccidioides immitis and Cryptococcus neoformans have the highest significance.
Clinical diagnosis of respiratory diseases requires supplementation of laboratory examination, especially at the first distribution in the breeding (locality) and in valuable animals.
Immunization of horses against viral pathogens of respiratory diseases is one of significant factors of the control and prevention of secondary bacterial bronchopneumonia and pleuropneumonia.
Pathogenesis, clinical symptoms, patho-anatomical finding, diagnostics and prevention of serious respiratory diseases in horses induced by bacteria and fungi are described.
Key words: horses, respiratory diseases; bronchopneumonia; strangles; Streptococcus equi subsp. equi; Rhodococcus equi; Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus
The work deals with using of sulphonamides and symptomatically acting drugs in the therapy of infectious diseases of the respiratory system in animals. It is a part of more extensive publication, whose previous parts were devoted to the general principles of the therapy of respiratory diseases using quinolones (I) and antibiotics (II).
Key words: respiratory apparatus; sulphonamides; potentiated sulphonamides; symptomatic therapy; expectorants; antitussives; bronchodilators; nonsteroid antiphlogistics; antihistaminics; decongestants
In cooperation with the Department of Animal Husbandry of the Slovak Agricultural Unviersity, the amounts of total proteins, aminic nitrogen and urea were measured in the blood serum of both the homozygous (nn) and the heterozygous (Nn) Pierain and syntetic line (L x Du) pigs. According to the results of DNA test, the pigs were divided in the group of the recessive homozygous individuals and the group of heterozygous individuals regardless of their sex. The samples were collected during slaughtering; their average body weight was 98.39 kg. The valnes of all the measured parameters in our experiment were higher in the homozygous pigs. The levels of aminic nitrogen in the nn pigs and the Nn pigs were 3.25 mmol. l-1 and 1.95 mmol.l-1, respectively. The amounts of total proteins in the blood serum of both the nn and the Nn pigs were 78.18 g.l-1 and 69.07 g.l-1, respectively. There was a significant difference registered in these parameters (P < 0.05). No evidence has been found on the genotype effecting the level of urea in the blood serum. The urea amounts in the blood serum were 5.97 mmol.l-1 and 5.22 mmol.l-1 in the nn and Nn pigs, respectively. The level of glucose was insignificantly higher in the group of the heterozygous pigs. The amout of urea was in the indirect proportionality to the amout of glucose.
Key words: pigs; genotype; blood serum; total proteins; aminic nitrogen; urea; glucose
In series of experiments the effect of vanadium (in NH4VO3) on the utilization of glucose in the protozoon Tetrahymena pyriformis, strain W was observed.
Vanadium was administered at the concentrations of 0.25; 0.5 a 1.0 mmol/l of the experimental medium without supplementation of 20 mmol/l glucose. The control group was administered the experimental medium with supplementation of 20 mmol/l glucose.
Our results revealed a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in the cell number of protozoon after application 1 mmol vanadium. A slight increase in the cell numbers appeared at the vanadium concentrations of 0.5 and 0.25 mmol/l. No statistically significant difference was found between the control and the group administered 1.0 mmol/l vanadium + 20 mmol/l glucose. A significant increase (p < 0.01) in the protozoon numbers was registered at the vanadium concentrations of 0.5 mmol/l and 0.25 mmol/l with supplementation of 20 mmol/l glucose.
In all cases, the glucose utilization was stimulated; this manifested significantly (p < 0.01) especially in the ratio of utilized glucose and a number of the Tetrahymena pyriformis protozoon cells.
These results have confirmed an insulin-like effect of vanadium on the models of the Tetrahymena pyriformis protozoon.
Key words: sex cycle; ovulation; bitch
The development and the course of dioxine contamination in Belgium and measures of the European Commission and some other EU countries are described. The measures adopted by the State Veterinary Administration of the Slovak Republic and activities of the food supervision authorities for the food chain protection are presented.
The efficiency of measures, public awareness as well as the coordination of the food supervision authorities are discussed. On the basis of available information the situation concerning dioxines in Slovak Republic and further procedure with regard to the development of veterinary analytical sector are evaluated in order to secure the control of dioxines in the products of animal origin. The necessity of consistent control of feed components and constant attention aimed at possible ecological and environmental influences at production of animal products are emphasized.
Key words: dioxines; contamination in Belgium; measures of the European Commission; measures in Slovak Republic; food supervision authorities; analytical development; dioxines in Slovak Republic