PILIPČINEC, E., ŠVICKÝ, E., ZUBRICKÝ, P., TRÁVNIČEK, M., BUGARSKÝ, A., ŠNIRC, J., ZUBRICKÝ, P., ml., MIKULA, I.:
Respiratory diseases in sheep and goats. II. Atypical pneumonia.
Respiratory diseases in sheep and goats are divided in dependence on their pathogen and course to three groups: acute respiratory complex, "atypical" pneumonia, and chronic proliferative pneumonia.
Acute respiratory complex in sheep and goats represents a set of diseases in which participate as viruses as bacteria. Parainfluenza 3 virus, respiratory syncytial virus and adenoviruses have the highest significance at the acute respiratory complex in sheep and goats. Of bacteria, the most significant pathogen is Pasteurella haemolytica.
Mycoplasma sp. represents several representatives with common genomic, antigenic and serologic features which participate, to a great extent, in so-called "atypical" pneumonia in sheep and goats. Pathogenesis, clinical course, patho-anatomical finding, diagnostics, control and prevention of "atypical" pneumonia, in sheep and goats is described.
Key words: sheep; goat; respiratory diseases; atypical pneumonia; Mycoplasma sp.
Position of acupuncture in veterinary medicine regarding its traditional interpretation was studied. Conventional veterinary medicine has accepted acupuncture as a parallel method for diagnosis and therapy (Skalka, 1998). Combination of a simple stimulation of acupuncture points with strictly defined dose of stimulus reached very good therapeutic results in small and large animals (Rogers, 1996). The treatment with acupuncture may be performed by traditional procedure or by the prescription. In both procedures, however, it is necessary to come out of bioenergic holistic concept (Jaggar, 1994). Original traditional concept is built on the principles of "Jang and Jing", life energy "Qi", theory of meridians "Jing - Luo" and therory of five principles Wu - Sing. Acceptance and respecting traditional concept is considered as one of significant and specific attributes of medical philosophy as well as veterinary acupuncturist.
Key words: veterinary acupuncture; traditional concept; acupuncturic points; acupuncturic pathways
A case of suspect psychomotor epilepsy in 3-year-old Labrador Retriever dog is described. The ethological approach at solving this problem confirms relevance of clinical ethology in veterinary medicine. The presented casuistics includes anamnesis, epicrisis, diagnosis, therapy and discussion. Therapy was combined and had a psychopharmacological and antiepileptic character. The patient status after premedication with anxiolyticum Xanax and application of the antiepileptic drug Depakine Chrono was restored ad integrum after 7 months of the complex therapy.
The presented casuistics of suspect psychomotor epilepsy in the dog indicates the possibility of using veterinary ethology in veterinary practice also in such complicated cases as pathological states of the CNS. Connection of ethology and veterinary neurology as a very narrow specialized branch accepts the significance of differential diagnosis at encephalopathic diagnoses in dogs. As well, the casuistics draw attention to the optimal model of motivation to own a dog, which also concerns the psychosocial and ethic side of a man and his relationship to the natural community.
Key words: Labrador Retriever; psychomotor epilepsy; behavioural deviation; interaction man - animal
The purpose of this study was to determine the invasion of Candida albicans (C. A.) strains on rat tongue.
The strains of C. A. were obtained from oral cavity and were simply designated as strain A, B, C, and D. Strains A, B were cultured from dogs, strain C was isolated from cat and strain D was derived from rat. Each isolate was identified as C. A. by means of microscopic appearance, colony morphology on Sabouraud's glucose agar (Imuna, Slovakia) and CHROMagar Candida (Mast Diagnostica, France), chlamydospore formation, sugar assimilation and fermentation, germ tube formation within 2 h after inoculation of the yeast phase into human serum with incubation at 37oC. Sixty female Sprague-Dawley rats, with an average weight of 200 g, were randomly assigned into twelve groups comprised of five animals each. Inoculation was accomplished by introducing 0.1 ml of the Candida suspension (3 × 108 cells/ml) into the oral cavity of a rat by means of a syringe with needle. Cultivation of cultures from oral cavity of each rat had been performed prior to the initiation of the study and at the end of experiment. This was accomplished by inserting a sterile cotton swab into rat's mouth. The swab was then streaked on Sabouraud's glucose agar. After 1, 2 and 3 weeks, the animals were killed using ether anesthesia and the tongues were examined grossly and histologically. Histological sections were stained with haematoxylin, eosin and Grocott's staining.
C. A. was not recovered from any rat at the beginning of the experiment nor prior to inoculation with microorganism. Only the strain C. A. from cat with oral candidosis was detected in two rats at the end of experiment. This strain demonstrated the ability to induce a grossly evident lesion of the midline posterior dorsal tongue mucosa. The lesions were characteristic keratotic central portion surrounded by erythematous periphery. Histological examination of the tongue sections revealed: (1) hyphal penetration through the keratin layer into the giant conical papillae and filiform papillae of dorsal tongue and these aggregated as microabscess within the keratin layer, (2) the mucosal lesions had a flattened surface morphology with prominent parakeratin production, (3) the connective tissue immediately subjacent to the lesional epithelium showed increased cellularity due to infiltration by chronic inflammatory cells, (4) the skeletal muscle fascicles immediately subjacent to the infected epithelium showed striking degeneration and atrophy (Figs 1, 2). Grocott's staining confirmed number of hyphae that were observed by light microscope as dark randomly twisted filaments on the yellow background (Figs. 3, 4).
Key words: oral candidosis; Candida albicans; rat tongue
The activities of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, Se-dependent glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) and contents of reaction products with thiobarbituric acid were observed in mitochondria, microsomes and in cytoplasmic fraction of the sheep liver after application of chloridazon in the doses of 100 mg.kg-1 live body weight (group A), 130 mg.kg-1 live body weight (group B) and 200 mg.kg-1 live body weight (group C). A statistically significant increase in the specific activity of SOD in comparison with the control group was observed in mitochondria in the groups B and C, in microsomes in the group B and in cytoplasmic fraction in the groups A and B. The specific activity of catalase did not statistically change in the mitochondria, microsomes in the groups A and C and in the cytoplasmic fraction in the group A in comparison with the control group. In the cytoplasmic fraction, the specific activity of catalase was statistically decreased in the groups B and C. The specific activity of Se-dependent GSHPx was entirely inhibited in the mitochondrial fraction in all the observed experimental groups. The activity was statistically significantly increased in the groups B and C it was significantly decreased. In the cytoplasmic fraction, a statistically significant increase in the activity was obsserved in all the observed groups.
The contents of the reaction product with thiobarbituric acid in the observed subcellular fraction of the liver was not statistically significantly increased in the experimental groups compared to the control group.
Key words: superoxide dismutase; catalase; Se-dependent glutathione peroxidase; sheep; herbicides
The accumulation of cadmium as a risk factor of the environment in selected organs of mice and rabbits after an experimental administration was studied. The lowest cadmium concentration in mice without cadmium administration is reported in ovary and the highest in kidneys. In rabbits, the lowest cadmium level is in muscle and the highest in kidney. After single administration (i. p.) of cadmium to mice a significant increase of this metal in liver was found. Significantly higher cadmium level was found also in kidneys, ovary, testis and muscle. As well, in mice the highest cadmium accumulation after i. p. administration is reported in liver. A significant increase in this metal is reported also in kidney and ovary. After per oral administration (5 months) the highest cadmium concentration is in kidney. Lower levels were found in liver, ovary, muscle and testis.
Key words: cadmium; organs; accumulation; mice; rabbit
Ejaculates of 10 breeding bulls, frozen into insemination doses by the pellet method, were investigated. Duration of the pellet storage in liquid nitrogen was 1-5 years.
After thawing of 400 pellets, following was found:
1. 7.4% of pellets were inconvenient to the ČSN norm due to a low activity of spermatozoa.
2. A wide range from 2.1-4.6 x 106 spermatozoa was found at estimation of the number of sperms in the insemination dose.
3. Survival of spermatozoa was evaluated by the thermic test at the temperature of 38oC and 46oC. The storage duration has been found not to influence the activity of spermatozoa after thawing from 1 to 5 hours and from 0 to 40 minutes, respectively The differences were not significant.
4. The morphological analysis of spermatozoa showed that traumatization of the acrosome system occurs due to the sperm cryopreservation and subsequent thawing in average in 19.8% of spermatozoa without a pronounced effect of storage duration.
Key words: bull semen; semen cryopreservation; sperm survival; morphological changes in spermatozoa