ĎUREČKO, J., BREYL, I., TUREK, P.:
Plant oils and polyaromatic hydrocarbons imported to Slovakia.
The areal occurrence of overlimiting values of benzo/a/pyrene in olive oils imported to Slovakia and Czech Republic from Spain has driven attention to the lacks in the valid legislation and indicated the need for organization changes at ensuring the foodstuffs quality for the general consumer public.
Key words: PAU (polyaromatic hydrocarbons); benzo/a/pyrene; highest permitted amount; virgin oil; lampate oil
The cestode Echinococcus multilocularis, a causative agent of human alveolar echinococcosis, occurs in red foxes on most territory of east Slovakia. The prevalence of echinococcosis increased twice in the first half-year 2001 (35.9 %), compared to the year 2000 (16.9 %). In the Prešov region, which is neighbouring Poland on the north, the prevalence and mean intensity were considerably higher than that in Košice region. Very high prevalence was found in Svidnik, Stropkov, Levoča, Prešov and Rožňava districts. In females much higher mean intensity of infection was detected than in males of red foxes. Foxes infected with E. multilocularis occurred on all territory of Prešov district, with high prevalence in year 2000 and 2001 (35.1 % and 70.1 %, respectively). The different probabilities of transborder transmision of E. multilocularis, agent of serious parasitozoonose, are disscussed.
Key words: Echinococcus multilocularis; alveolar echinococcosis; red fox; prevalence; eastern Slovakia
Present requirements for sheep milk as well as for its obtaining and processing in chalets are very demanding and involve a lot of sanitary, epizootological, medical and zoohygienic measures. Filfiuling of these requirements and criteria is demanding but as the practice confirms they can be fulfiled.
The work gives a brief picture of the problems concerning the part of hygiene in obtaining and processing sheep milk under sheep-dairy farming. Keeping all the legislative provisions, especially basic hygienic aspects of sheep milk production gives assumption of further widening of economically acceptable sheep-raising in Slovakia and at the same time it will enable to increase consumption of sheep milk products of good quality not only by Slovak consumers.
Key words: raw sheep milk; cheese; bryndza; veterinary legislation; milk microflora; risk of production
The veterinary supervision aimed at the residues of risk elements in game, performed in SR since 1995, is connected with a purposeful collection of analytical data. The program of controlling and monitoring is directed towards ensuring protection of a consumer and harmless raw materials and foodstuffs of animal origin in the home market, and at the same time it puts requirements for both the export and import of these commodities. Both the control and monitoring of the risk element residues in game provide important data regarding contamination of the food chain and risks for a consumer of animal products. The game and fish monitoring comes out of the target collection in 1995-2000; the data are from the database of the State Veterinary Administration of SR.
A survey about the levels of contaminants in the samples of musculature and liver of small feather game, small hairy and hoofed game in the Slovak Republic in 1995-2000 is presented.
The samples of musculature and liver or fat (PCB) were collected in the selected districts of all regions of SR from the small hairy (215), small feathered (271) and hoofed (625) game. The total number of game was 1111. Of the number of 1103 game samples 10,748 analyses were carried out; the overlimited values of foreign substances were found in 322 cases (28.9 %).
The overlimited foreign substances were variously distributed in the samples from the territory of SR: eastern region 66 %, middle region 24 % and western region 10 %. The districts in the regions that were the most affected are presented.
Of the game, the most affected was small feathered game (161 = 59.6 %), less hoofed game (120 = 20.6 %) and least affected was small hairy game (41 = 9.86 %).
A relative distribution of the risk chemical elements according to the species in the decreasing order was as follows: In small feathered game (Fig. 3): Hg (31 %), Cu (27 %), Cd (27 %), Pb (80 %), in small hairy game (Fig. 4): Cd (57 %), Hg (20 %), Pb (10 %), Chr (10 %), in hoofed game (Fig. 5): Cd (38 %), Pb (18 %), Chr (17 %), Cu (14 %).
The findings of the PCB congeners were found in 34 cases (3.07 %), most in small feathered game (18), small hairy game (11) and hoofed game (5). PCB 180, PCB 153 and PCB 28 were the most frequently occurring congeners.
Key words: game; foreign substances; arsenic; copper; mercury; cadmium; lead; polychlorinated biphenyls
The individual sexual dispositions of BuxLA boars were observed. The criterion of their libido capacities and sexual motivation was discrimination of oestral and anoestral females. The T-labyrinth preferential test was used. Positive individuals were evaluated in it as sexually exposed animals (P < 0.05) and their sexual interaction was significant (P < 0.03). Measurement vice versa, i.e. of sexual motivation of oestral pigs to sexually exposed boars was insignificant (P < 0.05). The knowledge obtained in this study indicates to the individual, increased level of sexual behaviour of some boars and confirms a social character of sexual activities of domesticated animals. The appropriate libido perspectives of these animals follow from this fact either in the reproduction sense or in the possibility of using in practice at systematic detection of oestrus in pigs. There are some other starting points such as the need to understand sexuality in pigs as an artificial imperative in the large-scale conditions. This statement indicates the risks of abnormal behaviour, decrease in reproduction values as well as impairment of animal welfare.
Key words: boars; ethology; libido; sexual motivation; T-labyrinth preferential test
The study considers the effect of white and monochromatic light on the hatching of the hybrid ISA 715 VEDETTE chickens. The chicken embryos were the most sensitive to the white light, reaching the hatching time of 501,55 ± 1,85 hours, the hatchability of 95,78 ± 2,11 % and the average weight of the hatched chickens 45,69 ± 2,62 g. Of the monochromatic lights, the chicken embryos were the most sensitive to the yellow light with the hatching time of 504,31 ± 3,15 hours, the hatchability of 94,48 ± 3,86 % and the average weight of hatched chicken 43,22 ± 3,53 g. The least reaction of chicken was observed with blue light, with the hatching time of 508,35 ± 2,93 hours, hatchability 92,09 ± 3,17 % and the average weight of hatched chicken 41,66 ± 2,83 g. The influence of blue light has the same effect as that observed in the case of hatching in darkness when the hatching time reached 508,03 ± 2,23 hours, hatchability 90,55 ± 3,27 % and the average weight of hatched chicken 41,52 ± 1,58 g.
Key words: light; hatching; chicken; weight; hatchability
The transfer of glycine, lysine, and arginine across ruminal epithelium of sheep fed high (HND) and low nitrogen diet (LND) was studied in the mucosal-serosal direction in vitro. Three concentrations of amino acids were used: 30000, 3000, and 300 ?mol.l-1. Amino acids in equimolar concentrations were allowed to incubate together. Comparison of amino acid concentrations on the mucosal side of rumen after 60 min incubation was found significantly lower in lysine and arginine at all used concentrations in sheep fed HND than that in sheep fed LND. Glycine concentrations on the mucosal side altered as depended upon used concentration: at 30000 and 300 ?mol.l-1 the glycine concentration was higher in sheep fed HND than that in sheep fed LND and at 3000 ?mol.l-1 concentration, the glycine concentration was significantly lower in sheep fed HND than that in sheep fed LND. Concentrations of glycine and arginine were significantly higher at all the used concentrations in sheep fed HND than that in sheep fed LND and lysine concentration was always significantly lower in sheep fed HND than that in sheep fed LND on the serosal side of the rumen. Results of our experiments showed that there are differences in absorption of amino acids across the rumen in sheep fed high and low nitrogen diet.
Key words: absorption; amino acid; rumen; sheep; ruminant
The authors studied the innervation of the kidneys in pheasants and quails. Adrenergic nerve components were visualized by the glyoxylic acid histofluorescence method. On the basis of their results they have come to the following conclusions:
In both examined species, like in mammals, the adrenergic nerve components were found to enter the organ in a common bundle with arteries. In the organ, around individual branches of preglomerular arteries they run within relatively dense and fine so-called adventitial nerve plexuses. Branching out these nerve plexuses to preterminal and terminal fibres is observed in the entire extent of preglomerular arterial bed. Individual nerve fibres, lying among tubules, are abundant. Relatively rich is innervation of the wall of veins running either in fibrous septa or through the middle of lobulus renalis.
The authors stated that distribution and topography of adrenergic innervation of the kidneys in both examined species is basically the same, unlike mammals, besides the arteries also veins and tubules are apparently richly innervated.
Key words: innervation; kidney; pheasant; quail
Lesions in lambs as a paratenic host were studied after a single peroral application of 10,000 infectious eggs of T. canis. The Valachian lambs, aged 4 months, divided into the experimental (n = 10) and control (n = 5) groups after infection were killed on days 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28. Immediately after killing the tissue samples of small intestines, lungs and liver were taken, which were used for the preparation of paraffin sections by the routine histological method as well as freezing sections for immunohistological techniques.
The parasitic granulomas with rich occurrence of eosinophils and interstitial pneumonia of lungs were the prevalent histological lesions found in infected lambs.
A positive reaction in the small intestine, lesions of the liver and lungs to the T. canis antigen was found immunohistochemically using the hyperimmune serum prepared by multiple infections of mice. This indicates the potential migrating pathways of T. canis in lambs. Both the presence and localization of immunocompetent cells in the liver granulomas, determined by the mice antiovine monoclonal antibodies against CD2, CD4, CD8, IgM and macrophages are probably connected with Th1 and Th2 immune response of lambs.
Key words: T. canis; histological changes; immunohistochemistry; paratenic host; sheep